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Introduction

Overview Of TEXOX Process

What Are Spent Caustics?

How Are Spent Caustics Generated?

Properties Of Spent Caustics

Disposal Characteristics Of Spent Caustics

Disposal Alternatives For Spent Caustics

Results Following Treatment

Case History

Tragedy In The Ivory Coast - What Not To Do

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Various traditional disposal techniques of Spent Caustics included the following before the TEXOX Process was commercialized:

• Traditional Disposal
  
  
• Deepwell Injection (most common in the USA)
  
  
  
• Dose at an extremely low rate into a very large biological wastewater treatment plant
  
  
  
• Incineration
     
  
  
• Wet Air Oxidation (Large capital costs and O&M costs)
  
  

 
• TSD's (Transport, Storage, & Disposal Facilities)
  
  
• Deepwell Injection (most common in the USA)
  
  
• Broker to pulp & paper mills  (extremely limited applications)
    
  

• Reclamation and Recovery of products (very limited applications)
  
  
  
• Dose at extremely low rate into existing large wastewater treatment plant.
  
  
• Incineration
  
  
• Chemical treatment (non-oxidation)
  




• Remedial Action & Disposal
  
  
• TSD's
• Deepwell Injection
• Incineration  (no longer an alternative in the USA)
• Dose at low ppm rates into existing biological wastewater treatment plants.
  
• Chemical Treatment  (included in early TEXOX Processes)
• Chemical Oxidation (may include catalyst)  (today's TEXOX Processes)

 
•   The TEXOX Process
  
  
  
 
• Complete treatment on-site using chemical oxidation
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Potassium permanganate
• Ozone
• Oxygen
  
• Chlorine dioxide
• chlorine (anhydrous and hypochlorite)
  
  
• Complete and final disposal on-site.
• Final polishing in existing biological wastewater treatment plant.
  
  
• No off-site liabilities
  
• No transportation Liabilities
  
• No "Cradle-To-Grave" stewardship.
  
• Complete final disposal and return to the watershed.